Talking to Children About Politics

by Tami Silverman, President & CEO of Indiana Youth Institute

In a world where politics is increasingly a part of everyday conversation, discussing political issues with children can be both necessary and challenging. Children are naturally curious and will likely ask questions about the political world, especially when they hear adults talking about it or see it in the media.

According to a study published in the journal Child Development, civic engagement of all forms is associated with increased future income and education levels, while volunteering and voting show favorable mental health and physical health benefits. Research also shows that kids involved in community service grow into adults that typically have a stronger work ethic, continue to volunteer, and have higher voting rates. Community engagement also can help children and youth of all ages develop feelings of empathy for others.

How can we approach these conversations in a way that is age-appropriate, nonpartisan, and constructive? Here are some research-based best practices for talking with children about politics.

 Start With the Basics

Before diving into complex political discussions, it’s important to ensure that children have a basic understanding of government and the political process. Younger children (ages 5-8) benefit from simple explanations about how the government works, such as the roles of the president, Congress, and the Supreme Court. As children get older, you can introduce more detailed concepts like political parties, elections, and civic responsibilities.

Starting with the basics helps build a foundation that allows children to better understand more complex political issues as they grow. It’s also helpful to use real-life examples or analogies that are relatable to children’s daily lives. For instance, explaining how a school council election works can help younger children grasp the idea of voting in a national election.

Encourage Critical Thinking  

One of the most valuable skills children can develop in relation to politics is critical thinking. Encouraging children to ask questions, consider different viewpoints, and evaluate information critically is crucial. Research from the Harvard Graduate School of Education emphasizes the importance of teaching children how to think, rather than what to think.

We can foster critical thinking by discussing multiple sides of an issue, asking open-ended questions, and encouraging children to form their own opinions based on evidence. For example, if a child asks about a political issue, you might respond with, “What do you think about this? Why do you think some people might agree or disagree?” This approach not only helps children understand the complexity of political issues but also teaches them to respect differing opinions.

Keep the Conversation Age-Appropriate

It’s important to tailor political discussions to the child’s age and developmental stage. Young children may not be ready to understand or process the complexities of certain political topics, so it’s important to simplify explanations and focus on the aspects that are most relevant to their lives. For instance, discussions about fairness, rules, and leadership are more accessible to younger children and can serve as entry points for broader political conversations.

For older children and teenagers, more in-depth discussions can be introduced. Pre-teens and teenagers are at a stage where they are beginning to form their own values and beliefs, making it a good time to engage in more substantive discussions about political issues, while still keeping the tone respectful and nonpartisan.

 Model Respectful Dialogue

Children often learn how to approach political discussions by observing the adults around them. Modeling respectful dialogue, even when discussing contentious political issues, is essential. The Kids Mental Health Foundation highlights that children are more likely to develop healthy attitudes toward politics if they see adults engaging in respectful conversations, even when they disagree.

We should strive to avoid heated arguments in front of children and instead focus on demonstrating how to discuss differences calmly and respectfully. This can involve using “I” statements to express personal opinions, avoiding derogatory language, and showing a willingness to listen to others’ perspectives. A guide to talking with youth about politics can be found at https://kidsmentalhealthfoundation.org/mental-health-resources/starting-conversations/parenting-kids-politics.

Limit Exposure to Political Media

In today’s digital age, children are often exposed to political content through television, social media, and the internet. While it’s important for children to be informed, excessive exposure to political media can be overwhelming and anxiety-inducing, particularly for younger children. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends setting limits on media consumption and ensuring that the content children are exposed to is age-appropriate.

We can take an active role in monitoring the political content their children consume and providing context where necessary. For example, if a child sees a political ad or news segment that raises questions or concerns, adults can help explain what it means and discuss it in a way that is understandable and reassuring.

Focus on Values and Civic Responsibility

Political discussions with children should not only focus on current events but also on broader values like fairness, truthfulness, justice, and the importance of civic engagement. Discussing these values can help children develop a sense of civic responsibility and a desire to contribute positively to society.

Youth workers can emphasize the importance of voting, staying informed, and being active in the community. Engaging in activities like volunteering, attending community events, or even participating in a family discussion about a political issue can help children understand the importance of being an informed and responsible citizen.

Talking to children about politics is an important part of preparing them to be informed, engaged citizens. By starting with the basics, encouraging critical thinking, keeping conversations age-appropriate, modeling respectful dialogue, limiting exposure to political media, and focusing on values and civic responsibility, parents and educators can help children navigate the complex world of politics in a healthy and constructive way. These practices not only support children’s understanding of political issues but also foster a lifelong commitment to respectful and informed civic participation.