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Economic Well-Being

Family economic success provides a critical foundation for healthy child development, which in turn is related to more positive outcomes in adulthood. Ongoing exposure to economic stress and hardship can negatively affect children’s physical and mental health, academic achievement, and social-emotional well-being.

Data & Research
2019 Indiana KIDS COUNT® Data Book
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2020 Indiana KIDS COUNT® Data Book
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2022 Indiana KIDS COUNT® Data Book
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Opportunity Youth

Opportunity Youth are young people between the ages of 16 and 24 who are disconnected from both school and work. Sometimes referred to as “disconnected youth,” the term “Opportunity Youth” is preferred because it suggests that engaging this population in the workforce and educational system presents opportunities and benefits.

Years included: 2020, 2021

Source: Measure of America, Youth Disconnection

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Median Household Income

Household employment is a measure of how many members of a household had employment within the past 12 months.

Years included: 2018-2022

Source: Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates S2302

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Household Employment

Household employment is a measure of how many members of a household had employment within the past 12 months.

Years included: 2018-2022

Source: Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates S2302

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High Housing Cost Burden – Rent

High housing burden is calculated by determining what percentage of a household’s income is spent on housing. High housing burden has been separated into two categories used in measurement: cost burden and severe cost burden. A cost burden is when a household spends 30% or more of their income on housing. A severe cost burden is present when a household spends more than 50% of their income on housing.

Years included: 2012-2017, 2018-2022

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates DP04

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High Housing Cost Burden – Mortgage

High housing burden is calculated by determining what percentage of a household’s income is spent on housing. High housing burden has been separated into two categories used in measurement: cost burden and severe cost burden. A cost burden is when a household spends 30% or more of their income on housing. A severe cost burden is present when a household spends more than 50% of their income on housing.

Years included: 2012-2017, 2018-2022

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates DP04

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Families Receiving Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is a program that helps people and families with low incomes buy the nutritious foods they need for good health. Eligibility is set by federal guidelines and is determined using three tests to evaluate a household’s gross monthly income, net income, and assets. Once verified as eligible, a household’s benefits are then determined using the number of persons living in the household.

Years included: 2012-2017, 2018-2022

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates S2201

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CollegeChoice 529 Rate per 1,000 Data Set

A CollegeChoice 529 plan is a tax-advantaged savings plan designed to help pay for education costs related to post-secondary education, K-12 education, and apprenticeships. They can also be used to pay off student loans. The rate per 1,000 represents the number of active accounts per every 1,000 youth under 18.

Years included: 2023

Source: Indiana Education Savings Authority

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Children Living in Poverty Data Set

Poverty is a state in which an individual or group of individuals does not have sufficient resources to purchase basic necessities such as food, clothing, or housing. Poverty is most commonly calculated by using poverty thresholds, which vary based on family size and composition. If a family’s or individual’s total income is less than the family’s poverty threshold, then every member of that family, including children, is in poverty. The Census Bureau relies on two measure of poverty designed to work in tandem with, not replace, each other – the Official Poverty Measure (OPM) and the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM).

Years included: 2018-2022

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates B17001

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Debt-to-Income Ratio Data Set

Debt-to-income ratio (DTI) is a ratio of a household’s aggregate, or total, debt (excluding student loans) divided by aggregate annual income. Debt is money owed in exchange for loans or for goods or services purchased with credit.

Years included: 2021, 2022

Source: Federal Reserve System

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Children Living in Deep Poverty Data Set

Deep poverty, sometimes referred to as extreme poverty, occurs when an individual(s) is living in a household with a total cash income below 50% of its poverty threshold.

Years included: 2018-2022

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates B17024

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Food Environment Index Data Set

Measure of the food environment accounts for both proximity to healthy foods and income. Access to healthy foods, locations for health food purchases, and the lack of access to healthy food due to cost barriers are included. Years included: 2020 | Source: County Health Rankings

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Annual Food Budget Shortfall Data Set

The annual food budget shortfall is calculated by taking the average of the total annualized additional dollar amount that food-insecure populations report needing to cover just enough food to meet their needs. Years included: 2020, 2021 | Source: Feeding America, Map the Meal Gap

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Homeless Students Data Set

Students experiencing homelessness are any students who are enrolled in an Indiana school and do not have a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence. Years included: 2023 | Source: Indiana Department of Education via IYI Data Request

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Child Food Insecurity Data Set

Food insecurity is defined as a lack of consistent or dependable access to enough food or a disruption in routine nutrition so that every person in a household can live an active and healthy lifestyle. Food insecurity can be caused by long-term circumstances such as lack of income and resources or by external and sudden financial changes. Hunger is a feeling when an individual does not have food, whereas chronic hunger is a direct result of food insecurity and is a state of long-term undernourishment. Years included: 2020, 2021 | Source: Feeding America

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Free or Reduced-Price Lunch Enrollment Data Set

Free and reduced-price lunches at school are provided to income-eligible families through the National School Lunch Program (NSLP). Years included: 2023 | Source: Indiana Department of Education via IYI Data Request

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DATA SPOTLIGHT: Tax Credits and Building Economic Mobility for Youth

Indiana Youth Institute Data Brief

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Practical Strategies for Working with Youth in Poverty

Indiana Youth Institute Resource Guide

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Indiana’s Wealth Gap

Indiana Youth Institute Data Brief

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2020 Educational Attainment and Economic Prosperity: Improving the Outcomes for Students Experiencing Homelessness in Indiana

Indiana Youth Institute Issue Brief

(2.58mb)
An Emerging Crisis: Housing Insecurity in Indiana

Indiana Youth Institute Data Brief

(0.51mb)
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